Turf toe is an everyday name for a group of injuries that can occur to the ligaments connecting the foot bones to the toe bones. This is usually around the larger joint at the base of the toe and very often the big toe.

As each step is taken the foot is bent forwards and used to push backwards. Most of the energy is through the largest toe and is created by bending the joint at the base of the toe. The ligaments are stretched and then as the foot is lifted off the ground, the toe returns to the flat position and ligaments can relax. The toe can usually flex by 80 degrees.

However, if the toe is not relaxed but is pushed out further than normal (hyperextension), the one or more of the several ligaments involved can become torn. The result is immediate pain, swelling and later immobilization. The pain may radiate round the foot and each step may be painful. It is about then that the suffer gets to learn how much they rely on their big toe in maintaining balance and movement.

Although the injury can happen on any step, it is most frequently seen on the sports field where contact sports may result in a person not being able to lift the foot when they want. In particular, football linebackers are often tackled or hit as they run. Their own weight and that of their opponent is all piled over the toe, which cannot get off the ground to free itself. Force is all directed through the joint and damage occurs. Playing on ground which catches the shoe, such as artificial grass, can exacerbate the problem. Hence the name “turf toe”.

In the worst cases, ligaments are torn and the toe can even become dislocated. If you have experienced any of the symptoms described, then consulting with your Orthopedic doctor is advised.